'Freud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Essay\r'

' entree: There be three well-kn stimulate prestigious thinkers who are considered to be pi maveners in the line of business of psychology. It could be argued that without …. , the emergence of psychology as we know it baron not hasten ever happened, at to the lowest degree in its present form. Freud is considered by his modern-day counterparts to be the founding father of uninflected psychology, as he is the firstborn to have come up with an albeit rudimentary, unless nevertheless valuable model of the human psyche.\r\n foregoing to his groundbreaking flow, the nature of human understanding was more often than not rolld and theorized by medical doctors and theologians. Then on that point is Adler, (who was the first to have suggested the societal impact on emotions and panorama processes and vice-versa, arguing that consciousness and culture have what could be termed as a symbiotic relationship. He emphasized, likewise, the sizeableness of self-esteem and wa s the first to say that without a well-grounded self-esteem, an individual would develop an inferiority/superiority colonial which would in turn affect many aspects of life.\r\n perish but not least, Carl Jung, who was a respected ally of Freud in his earlier years, focused on the religious aspects of consciousness and saw the value it played on thoughts and emotions. We depart explore in this paper the commonalities between these founding fathers of psychology as well as their differences, and explore the strengths in their theories as well as the weaknesses. By understanding the founders of this very(prenominal) subjective field of scientific thought, we give the sack gain a discontinue picture of how psychology has evolved oer the years and fool it to our own research and studies. Sigmund Freud:\r\nAccording to Freudian system, the consciousness is composed of three opposing forces: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (Freud used the German term Das es) which cons ists of our instinct-driven behavior. G everywherened by what he termed the â€Å" enjoyment Principle”, It is largely pleasure-seeking: when we are hungry, we seek to check relief from these feelings by eating. Be trend the id is a self-gratifying drive, it shadower, according to Freud, cause problems if left over(p) unchecked, since the person would have absolutely no self-control and wouldn’t be able to practise the self-discipline necessary to function in society.\r\nIn accordance with what Freud calls â€Å"The Reality Principle”, The ego (das ich) copes with the limitations of public by putting into place coping mechanisms when virtuoso’s basest ask cannot be fulfilled. For instance, it is the ego which represses the destinys of the id by waking up early for work when the id tells us to sleep in late. The Superego (uber ich) tries to rule over the ego and id with moral principles which are both conscious and unconscious(p). It can be descri fuck as one’s religious convictions and moral principles.\r\nThe Superego can rule the ego and id when something must be done â€Å"for the greater good”, i.e. for moral reasons. Another Fundamental member of Freudian theory is his peglegs of psychosexual development, which categorizes each make up as follows:\r\nThe oral stage where a minor seeks comfort from suckling, the anal stage where the small fry is toilet-trained, the priapic stage where a child’s sensation of a penis (or lack thereof) plays a all-important(a) fibre in early development, the latent period, and last the genital stage. In each of these stages (aside from the latent stage where it is believed no crucial psychosexual development takes place) if there is a disturbance in common development, a â€Å"fixation” can occur.\r\nFor instance, if a child is deprive from breastfeeding too early, he or she can have an â€Å"oral fixation” which would manifest itself as nail- biting or smoking subsequent in life. culture but not least, Freud was the first to propose that when we organisation situations we cannot stimulatedly handle, we have true defense mechanisms such(prenominal) as repression, suppression, refutation, displacement, sublimation, intellectualization, and rationalization, regression, and reaction formation. These mechanisms can be considered normal, particularly during grieving periods.\r\nMuch later, Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross made shock and denial one of the first stages of the grieving process, and it has been well-documented that denial can be very common if not normal as long as it doesn’t pay back permanent. Defense mechanisms can arrest very sunburnt if they don’t purgetually give fashion to directly coping with the emotions which are being denied or repressed. These defense mechanisms, in their most extreme forms can be very difficult to understand for those who harbor’t shared the same experience. \r\nFor subject, it is very achievable for a woman to be so recently in denial of a pregnancy that she bequeath continue to menstruate up until the time of delivery. She could too attribute the normal symptoms of pregnancy with other accomplishable explanations, i. e. morning sickness being stomach flu and the baby’s kicks being gas. A typical ex angstromle of displacement can be seen with mickle who abuse animals or children. If a person feels they cannot stub out anger or aggression to a kick upstairs or significant other for fear of repercussions, they will channel the anger and direct it to the family pet or their child, who cannot fight back.\r\nRegression can be some other common defense mechanism, and it usually happens when an individual is overwhelmed with dread and feels they cannot directly face the source of their emotions. A very common scenario is for an adult to persist in bed all day and sleep to avoid horrific feelings shortly after a loved-one dies. Another example is when a child is afraid to attend indoctrinate because of a bully, and becomes extremely clingy with the parent when he or she was very independent prior to the problem. Carl Jung.\r\nJung and Freud became friends in 1906, after Freud had read some of Jung’s writings and invited him for a meeting in Zurich. Their first conversation was verbalize to have lasted for 13 hours, with the two men exchanging ideas and elaborating on their theories. Freud saw Jung as somewhat of a protege, referring to Jung as his â€Å"crown prince and successor”. Their correspondence and friendship lasted sextette years, but Jung eventually expressed protest with Freud over the role the unconscious mind played in human behavior.\r\n bit Freud saw the unconscious as somewhat of a repository of repressed memories which could be manifested unbe cognizest to the conscious mind, Jung believed that the ability to tap into the unconscious mind was possible and could cont ribute to emotional well-being. And fleck he agreed that it was important to understand past tense trauma and its influence on present behavior, he in addition believed that the future didn’t necessarily need to be determined by such things. The role spirituality played in his psychoanalytic theories to a fault made him a pioneer in his own rite, though it was never something he and Freud could agree upon. Alfred Adler.\r\nAlfred Adler was also a contemporary of Dr. Freud and even joined his analytic society in 1902. By 1911 however, he too expressed dissent with many of Freud’s opinions and left to form his own society, the ‘Society for Free psychoanalytic Research’. It can be reiterated that while he agreed with Freud that psycho-social development could be affected by influential factors beginning early in life, he came up with theories of his own which contrasted with those of his colleague. For instance, he believed that a child feels inherently w eak around his or her elders, and strives to become superior to them throughout the course of early life.\r\nThis term, known as â€Å"striving for superiority”, states that if the need for individualized accomplishment and success is not met, an inferiority decomposable can develop, causing many other problems later on. He also proposed the theory that birth beau monde plays a crucial role in emotional development. For example, he stated that an oldest child has it the worst, as he or she starts off having both parents’ unlimited assist and time. Later on after other siblings are born, an oldest child isn’t given the same do of attention and is left to wonder why.\r\n tiddlerhood expend and abuse also have a intelligent impact on psychosocial development according to Adler, and numerous case studies continue to arise which prove his theory to be valid even today. Conclusion While many of the theories of Freud, Adler and Jung have been either dispelled or nifty by case studies and discoveries in the field of neuroscientific research, there is no doubt they were pioneers in the field of psychology. Freud’s concepts of defense mechanisms have withstood the test of time even though his theories of psychosexual development have been outmoded, and Jungian psychoanalysis is still relevant today.\r\nAdler’s views on self-esteem and childhood development have been verify by clinical research, even if some of the finer points of his research had been discarded. While there is continued debate and new findings which will always create dissent and result in new discoveries related to psychology, it is certain that the work of these three early founders will remain significant for decades to come. References: â€Å"Jungian Analysis: Frequently Asked Questions”, tonic York Association for Analytical psychological science http://www. nyaap. org/about-jungian-analysis#5 Friedman, Howard S.\r\nand Schustack, Miriam W. â€Å" disposition: Classic Theories and Modern Research” Fifth mutant retrieved 1/23/2013 Heffner, Christopher â€Å"Psychoanalytic Theory” (http://allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/index. html) create August 21, 2012 retrieved 1/23/2013 Adler,A. , & Fleisher, L. , (1988, December) The Child’s Inner Life and a smell out of Community. Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice Vol. 44(4), p. 417. Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.\r\n'