Apes Chapter 3 Questions

Chapter 3 knowledge Questions 1. Core Case Study Have you thanked your insects today? - excuse wherefore insects argon significant. Many of the earths plant species depend upon insects to insemin take in them. Carnivorous insects, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the praying mantis, control the pest insect population. 2. What theatrical role of the species on this pla dinero consists of insects? Animals? Plants? 53% are insects 20% are an different(prenominal) animals 18% are plants. 3. Give three examples of how we benefit from microbes.Soil bacteria shift nitrogen fluid into usable lines for plants they decompose wastes into nutrients we use they help do various foods such as bread, cheese, wine, beer, and tofu. 4. What percentage of the biomass on this planet accounts for microbes? 90% of earths quick mass. 5. Define the four spheres of the earth. The atmosphere is the slenderise membrane of air around the planet. The troposphere is the air work about 11 miles above s ea level. The stratosphere lies above the troposphere between 11-30 miles it filters out the suns harmful radiation.The hydrosphere consists of earths piddle, found in liquid water, ice, and water vapor. The lithosphere is the crust and upper mantle of the earths soil. It contains nonrenewable fossil fuels, minerals, and soil, and renewable soil chemicals infallible for plant life. The biosphere includes most of the hydrosphere, move of the lower atmosphere and upper lithosphere. All parts of the biosphere are interconnected. 6. string the three interconnected factors that life depends on. The take to the woods of high-quality energy the cycling of military issue or nutrients gravity. 7. pull out what happens to all of the solar radiation that reaches the earth. Solar energy flux through the biosphere warms the atmosphere, evaporates and recycles water, generates winds, and nutriments photosynthetic life. 8. Is the greenhouse effect a positive or negative issue for life on earth? Explain why. It is a positive effect because without it, the earth would be too cold to support most forms of life. 9. Explain the following terms abiotic, biotic, range of tolerance. Abiotic consists of non-living components such as water, air, nutrients, and solar energy.Biotic consists of biological components such as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Each population in an ecosystem has a range of tolerance to variations in its physical and chemical environment. 10. Explain how busheling factors can control population size. Too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or hinder growth of a population, even if all new(prenominal) factors are at or near the optimum range of tolerance. 11. What factors usually limit terrestrial populations? On land, precipitation and soil nutrients are often passing factors. 2. What factors usually limit aquatic populations? In water, temperature, sun crystallize, nutrient availability, dissolved type O content, and salinit y are limiting factors. 13. What is the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) C6H12O6 + 6O2. 14. What is the overall chemical reaction for respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP 15. wherefore are decomposers so significant to an ecosystem? They recycle the nutrients that make life practical throughout the ecosystem. 16. wherefore is bio smorgasbord one of our most important renewable resources? Biodiversity provides us with innate(p) resources, natural services, pleasure, and keeps the balance of the food web. 17. Describe 4 key components of biodiversity. operating(a) diversity includes the biological and chemical processes such as energy flow and matter recycling needed for the survival of species, communities, and ecosystems. Ecological diversity includes the compartmentalisation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an area or on the earth.Species diversity includes the number of species present in different home grou nds. Genetic diversity includes the variety of genetic material in spite of appearance a species or population. 18. What are the five major causes of species decline? Habitat destruction and degradation, invasive species, pollution, and human being population growth. 19. Summarize two approaches to sustaining biodiversity. The ecosystem approach protects populations of species in their natural habitat by preserving sufficient areas of habitats in different biomes and aquatic systems.The species approach protects species from ill-timed quenching by indentifying endangered species and protecting their critical habitats. 20. What trophic level do decomposers consume from? Decomposers process detritus from all trophic levels. 21. What form of energy is transferred from one organism to another? Stored energy in the tissues of the organism. 22. Why would the earth be able to support much people if we ate at a lower trophic level? The energy ingestion would be higher because thither is less loss of energy. 23.Why are there rarely more than 4 or 5 trophic levels within an ecosystem? Because the food web would not be able to sustain that spectacular of an energy loss in successively higher levels. 24. What is the consequence of net primary productivity? NPP measures how fast producers can provide the food needed by other organisms in an ecosystem. 25. What might happen to us and to other consumer species as the human population grows over the next 40-50 years and per capita expenditure of resources such as food, timber, and grassland rises sharply?What are the three ways to prevent this from happening? We will end up pushing other species to extinction and reduce the biodiversity in earth. To prevent this, we can prevent population growth, set about renewable energy sources, and consume food locally and at a lower trophic level. 26. Consider the diagram on page 67 (figure 3-22). Explain why desertification is so significant of an issue and relate that to the significance of net primary productivity. Dry land ecosystems are already such fragile ecosystems, and many of these delicate ecosystems have the most net productivity. 7. Describe the four types of soil horizons. The surface litter layer (O horizon) is the top layer and consists of freshly fallen undecomposed or partially decomposed leaves, twigs, crop wastes, animals waste, fungi, and other organic fertilizer material. It is normally brown or black. The surface soil layer (A horizon) is a porous mixture of the partially decomposed bodies of dead plants and animals, called the humus and inorganic materials such as clay, silt, and sand. The B and C horizons (subsoil and parent material) contain most of a soils inorganic material and lies on bedrock. 8. How does color relate to the quality of the topsoil? The color of the topsoil suggests how useful a soil is for growing crops. drear brown or black soil is rich in organic matter and nitrogen. Gray, bright yellow or red topsoils are the opposite. 29. What are the significant properties of soil? Soil texture particle size of components. 30. How do humans impact the hydrological cycle? We alter the water cycle by withdrawing oversize amounts freshwater, clearing vegetation, and eroding soils, polluting surface and underground water, and contributing to mode change. 1. Be able to diagram the entire Carbon cycle. See on a lower floor 32. What is the significance of burning fossil fuels on the C cycle? Adds more carbon to the air. 33. How are Carbon and Nitrogen used by living organisms? Carbon and nitrogen make up organisms and are used in respiration by them. 34. What two natural processes convert nitrogen gas in the air to a usable form? Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification. 35. How is the C & N Cycle affected by humans? We add large amounts of nitric oxide in the air and we add fertilizers to the water and soils.