African American Studies Notes Essay

1. talk about the four basic thrusts of the assimilator fecal matter which conduct to the founding of nigrifyened Studies * The Civil Rights Movement (1960) * Break pull dget the barriers of legal separation in public accommodations * Achieve equality and evaluator for low-spiriteds * Organize total darknesss into a self-conscious loving force capable of defining, defend and advancing their refers * SNCC emerged as a vanguard group in the CR spit out.* Mobilized, organized and politicized thousands of morose students * Politicized many White students and their leaders through recruiting and cultivation them and bringing them to the entropy-central to prevail in the dispute * The Free actors line Movement (UC Berkeley, 1964) * White student protest against the rigid, remainrictive and unresponsive constituent of the university * Demand for civil rights on campus.* The Anti-Vietnam contend Movement (1965) * General student protest against the Vietnam war and univ ersity complicity in it through its cooperation with the government in recruitment and research and development weapons platforms * Launched by new leftists, especially the Students for a elective Society * SNCC, Us, the Congress of Racial Equality participated * found on oppositeness to* The threat the draft posed to Blacks and other males of color non cover by student deferment and especially vulnerable in the South * The governments war against Third World liberation movements and peoples in general and Vietnam in particular * Fighting an unjust war for a nation depriving Blacks of basic and kind rights * The Black Power Movement (1965) * conduct to direct pee-peement of Black Studies * The Watts Revolt in Los Angeles.* Ushered in a new dialog about relations of power in fiat and the university, the pervasive character of racism, and the need for struggle to overturn the establish articulate and create a to a greater extent just clubhouse * Stressed the splendor of s elf-determination, need for power, relevant education, cultural grounding, studying and recovering African horticulture * Organizations sieveed the need for the university and society to recognize the diverse cultures of the U. S.* Called on students to submit in struggle in the classrooms, on campus in general and in society to improve life of African people and society itself 2. address the publication of Black Studies at SFSU * It began in 1966 * Led by sinister students * It was the rising tide of the macabre power movement and reflected its sense of social mission and urgency * Black students at SFSC and other campuses responded to the depicted object activism of the Black Power Movement and the Watts Revolt.* 1966 changed their name to Black Student Union (BSU) to testify a new identity and direction. * Black students developed a wispy arts an culture series * BSU demanded a legitimate Black Studies discussion section funded by the college and controlled by foul p eople brought stiff resistance * BSU likewise demanded special admissions programs for a given number of black studies but it was withal resisted. 3. Identify the major(ip) groups involved and the contribution of Dr. Nathan Hare * In 1968, Dr.Hare, an root and former professor, was appointed to be coordinator of Black Studies * He was given the job to formulate an autonomous Black Studies Department * He was fired from Howard University for his activism in support of students and the struggle of relevant education * He continued to stress on relevant education when he came to SFSU * By April 1968, Hare had finished his proposal and a program for special admission for Black students * The panel of trustees continually delayed implementation of the program and it is this which led to the students strike * The university was shut down.* Eventually the students won the strike, which ended march 1969 * San Francisco bring up (SFSU) became the first institution of education to est ablish a Black Studies program and department. * GROUPS INVOLVED Black Power Movement, Civil Rights Movement, Free Speech Movement, Anti-Vietnam War Movement 4. What were the early academic and semipolitical concerns of the advocates of Black Studies * Academic 1) come to with traditional white studies. White studies was seen as inadequate and a deformation of the lives and culture of African people.White studies posed whites as the exemplary pattern for every whizz, was seen as Eurocentric. 2) White studies was also seen as resistant to change which was necessity for relevant education. Black Studies argued for the need to teach Black Studies from a black frame of mind. This later became known as Afrocentric perspective. * Political 1) concerned with the secondary number of blacks on campus, which was seen as racist exclusion to maintain a white monopoly.So it was demanded that special admission and recruitment efforts were made to authorise this problem. 2) Concerned with th e treatment of racism. Sought out to make blacks respected and politically involved on campus. 3) Concerned with social problems of the black community and how black students and black studies could address and solve them. 5. What were the early objectives of Black Studies * To teach the Black experience in all its variedness and with special attention to history, culture, and current issues.* Black Studies assemble and create a body of knowledge that contributed to intellectual and political emancipation. (Developing an intellectual and dependent mind and using that knowledge in the interest of Black and human freedom). * Create intellectuals who were dedicated to community service and stress the importance for Black intellectuals who were conscious, capable, and committed to Black liberation and a higher(prenominal) level of human life.* To nurture, maintain, and continue expansion of an equally beneficial blood between the campus and the community. Dr. Nathan Hare We must brin g community to the campus and the campus to the community. * To establish and confirm its position in the academy as a delay essential to the educational project and to any real conception of a quality education. (Both an academic and political challenge). Chapter Two Study Questions 4. Discuss the emergence of the Afrocentric initiative and Molefi Asantes founding role in it.* Emerging in the late 70s and finding its theoretical foundation in a work by Molefi Asante titled Afrocentricity The Theory of Social Change and published in 1980 * Asante introduced Afrocentricity as the indispensable perspective of the Black Studies project and initiated a wide-ranging discourse which had both academic and social implications and consequences * Asante energized Black Studies discourse and gave a fresh and added thrust to the pursuit of new research directions in Black Studies with his insistence on African location or centeredness, African agency, and an African frame of reference in rese arch and methodology and intellectual mathematical product * He became a much sought after lecturer and reviewer * He defines Afrocentrism as a term used to negate and cast Afrocentricity by its opp cardinalnts 5. What does multiculturalism and pluralism have in common?* Multiculturalism can be be as thought and practice organized around respect for human diversity * Expression in four basic ways * joint respect for each people and culture as a laughable and equally valuable way of being human in the gentleman * interchangeable respect for each peoples right and righteousness to speak their own special cultural truth and make their own unique contribution to society and the human race * Mutual commitment to the unalterable search for common ground in the midst of our diversity * Mutual commitment to an ethics of sharing in order to build the world we all want and deserve to live in * Pluralism * Based on exceptional values as determined by the host of society Chapter Four Studying Questions 1.What arguments does Van Sertima make to prove African carriage in Olmec civilization? * Unearthed evidence like more Olmec heads, especially one at tres zapotes showing Ethiopian type braids more clay sculptures of African types which reflect the coloration and texture of African hair reaffirmation of pointless evidence new evidence from ancient maps new comparisons of African and south African pyramids and further discussion on dating of the voyages. 2. What are nearly basic misconceptions about the holocaust of immurement? Discuss its impact. * The enslavement was not a trade but instead the whole process by which captives were obtained on African soil was through warfare, trickery, banditry and kidnapping.* Europeans blame Arabs and Africans for participation in the process of enslavement, however they were always the ones benefitting from it. Basically, what looked like an Arab-controlled trade was in circumstance a European dominated trade with Europe ans using Arabs as middlemen. * Although well-nigh Africans enslaved others, it was a part of their culture and they were able to be civil with the rest of society. * Impact depopulation through mass murder, societal disruption/ goal, forced conveyance of title of populations, caused loss of youth and skilled personnel, thus affected scientific, technological and cultural progress of africs. Economic destruction. 3. What was the basis for enslavement and any(prenominal) of its basic aspects?* Based on brutality, cultural genocide, and machinery of control. * Brutality physical, psychological, sexual * Cultural genocide destruction of political identities and ethnic units, families, cultural leaders, the outlawing of African languages. * Machinery of control involved pentad mechanisms of control- laws, coercive bodies, the church, politically divisive strategies, plantation punishments * 4. List and discuss the major forms of resistance to enslavement * Day-to-day resistance dail y refusal and challenge with which Africans confronted the enslavement system. Included sabotage, breaking tools, destroying crops and so on * Abolitionism (underground railroad).* Emigrationism the push to emigrate back to Africa or go elsewhere where Africans could be free. * Armed resistance revolts, ship mutinies, etc. * Cultural resistance used culture to inspire and maintain ones humanity through dances, moral narratives, music etc. 5. What were some of the basic reasons for the failure of reconstruction? * White terrorist societies intensified. Ex ku klux klan * Congress did not give blacks the support they needed and they were essentially reintegrated back into the southern sparing under semi-enslaved conditions as sharecroppers. * Black codes (segregation and discrimination) and they didnt receive land, forcing them back to the plantation.* compulsive courts benefit through rulings favorable to the south * The Hayes-Tilden agree in 1877- president hayes granted south fe deral hatful withdrawal, leaving blacks to fend for themselves in racist society 6. What were some of the reasons for the broad migration? * To escape the racist south * Wanted to escape crop failures, internal disasters like floods in the south * Growth of industry in the north, push back demands due to WWI * No more immigration from Europe, therefore no more unskilled laborers and domestic servants * The north promised blacks greater opportunities- recruited them 7. What were some of the major organizations founded to struggle against injustice in the early 1900s? Discuss the black womens club movement.* pink wine out of African cultural traditions which stressed office to family and community which led to free black women and men establishing numerous mutual aid societies during enslavement * Founded first national conference of the colored women of America which established the national association of colored women * Also the Niagra movement, the NAACP and the urban league 8. Identify the major groups and leaders of the 60s * Booker T. Washington major black leader of his cartridge clip * W. E. B. DuBois white activist-scholar * Marcus Garvey pan-africanist dedicated to building a nation-state in Africa * Ida B. Wells-Barnett journalist, organizer, lecturer and teacher 9. What are some major challenges and achievements of the 70s, 80s and 90s? * 70s 1.Challenges- began with recovery from the massive suppression on the black movement by COINTELRO (counterintelligence program launched by the FBI by music director J. Edgar Hoover) 2. Hoover tried to stifle any form of a black revolution 3. Affirmative action- reverse discrimination 4. Achievements- blacks penetration and victories in electoral politics 5. Sought to build national independent power structures 6. revitalization of pan-africanism * *80s 1. Challenges- continuing crisis of US society, rise of the vulgar and respectable right, continuing struggle to rebuild a black mass movement and appro priate alliances and coalitions in order to defend black gains, win new ones and minimize losses 2.Problem of alliance and coalition 3. Achievements- heightened level of electoral political act among blacks 4. First black governor (Virginia) * 90s 1. Challenges- increase negative attitude of the compulsive Court to racial injustice and affirmative action, continuation of hate crimes, cast out and later passage of 1991 civil rights act, increase in poverty 2. Achievements- resource of Bill Clinton and 39 blacks on congress and one black senator 10. Discuss the million persons confines. What were their similar concerns and their effect on the black community?* ** zillion man march/ day of absence- voiced concern about increasing racism, deteriorating social conditions, etc.and the impact on the world * -Day of absence women organized communities to preventative away from business/ school and to register people to vote and indue the community as a whole * -Created a sense of s cuttle and promise after there were increases in membership in organizations, espousal rates, mentoring programs and social activism * one thousand thousand woman march- needed to energize the lives and struggles of black women *.Million youth march- same thing, but with youths (not a huge turnout) * All of these marches were a statement for self-consciousness as black men, women, and youth and the responsibility to community and struggle which this implies and requires 11. What are some major challenges of the beginning twenty-first century? * 2000 presidential election and voter suppression (gore and bush), tragedy and result of hurricane Katrina, HIV/AIDS epidemic, continuing police abuse, deteriorating socio-economic conditions.

Cooking: Julia Child and Knife Skills Class Essay

Since I stopped devouring books and using the computer oftentimes (because reading triggers migraines), Ive been bored. I hate being bored. Every hands-on craft I try causes wrist pain that I seaportt been able to conquer. Baking is fantastic, but consuming all that I claim isnt a smart dietary strategy. So Ive decided cookery will be my newborn hobby. Although deciding to do something Ive never particularly liked for fun is a itty-bitty weird, it makes a lot of sense. Id love to have a hobby again. I like food, I need to eat, and eating best(p) food would probably make me feel better.By onrushing preparation as a hobby instead of a chore, I foretaste it will be fun, not the high-pressure job of reforming my diet. Ideally cooking will become something I want to do, not have to do. These are the guidelines Ive established so I dont polish off myself. Is it contradictory to perplex goals for a hobby? Use Simple Recipes Im currently taking Mark Bittmans (aka The Minimalist) no-nonsense approach Make better food in less time with hardly a(prenominal)er ingredients. Im starting small with his very short cookbook, How to make believe Everything Quick Cooking. It isnt an overwhelming tome, but a short existence to tasty basic recipes.A perfect housewarming gift for someone in their first apartment, the book includes variations for the more experienced or adventurous cook. Im supplementing with The Minimalist Cooks at Home for variety. (Its out-of-print, but is useable used. ) Ive owned it for four years and have liked the few things Ive made from his books. Now my plan is to approach it methodically. Like Julie and Julia, where blogger Julie Powell set out to make every recipe in Julia Childs Mastering The Art of French Cooking. The Minimalists goals are a good deal less lofty, but the idea is the same. Buy Ingredients for One Meal at a Time.This is to avoid wasting food and feeling like Ive failed. I broke this rule one day into my plan. Because this is a new hobby, not a resolution, Ive no need to beat myself up. secure things hobbies dont have rules. Besides, I still think I can do it. Learn New Techniques This is the part that turns work into entertainment. Ive always been reluctant to cook meat on the stove. In fact, Im reluctant to cook meat at all. Not besides do I get to produce an edible product (however disconsolate it may be), I expand my skills and learn new recipes. This will make my hobby more fun in the prox.Tomorrow Im taking the knife skills class Ive wanted to take for years. Its a morning class, so Im confident Ill make it this time. Im already daydreaming about future classes. Do It I made my recipe plan yesterday morning, thusly Hart called to say he had a work dinner. I matte up crappy, so it was fine, but my motivation is far weaker than 24 hours ago. I go for applying the techniques of the knife skills class will boost my overall motivation. Clearly in that respects little difference between my new hobby and a New Years resolution. Since resolutions usually fail, Im relying on the power reframing. Its an essential skill of every optimist.

Aspects of Scientific Translation Essay

1. 5 The translator In the context of edition studies, it is assumed that to do a satisfactory translation, the translator must be aware not only of the texts in hand, but also the forcible world and the culture in which the texts are formed initially. This implies that the translator should be acquainted with the everyday life in the author location and that his or her activity is not simply a manipulation of linguistic figures or data.The translator handling checkup texts do not have to be trained as doctors, nurses or other medical staff, however it is requirement that he or she understands the entire connected implication the linguistic, medical, social, and also pagan context in which he or she happens to work. This can be through with(p) by having sufficient knowledge of the world. Numerous problems occur when doctors and patients use antithetical languages or even different varieties of the same language.It has been rightly pointed out by Tanner that, in addition to emo tional and other unrelated aspects, the simpleness of contact in a doctor-patient discourse depends on how well and on the button the opusies express themselves. The clarity of speech constitutes an indispensable requirement for appropriate diagnosing and treatment. This is the point at which translation and interpreting come into the picture. Translation is delimitate by Catfords as The replacement of the textual material in whiz language, the source language by equivalent textual material in some other language, the target language.Despite the fact that the definition is dated in numerous contexts, it still has a bearing on textual materials in the case of medicine, despite of the language pair involved. As hinted, the translator is a assortment of creator the moment he or she bridges language gaps and renders a source text in the target language he or she generates the precise form of the target language message and with the aim of doing so he or she must be competent in both, source and target, languages.Medical communication has its specific nature. The terminology used in the medical sector, in regards to Catfords statement, often requires clear renditions and lexical equivalents. This indicates that the translator may come across with the phrases and terms in the source language that neglect an entire transfer of information from the source to the target language. In this case, when patterns or meanings between the languages differ, the term untranslatability could be applied.Mohanty observed the process of transfer is control in terms of time and space it is mostly individual straddling deuce languages at the same time, this is where we find the phenomenon of untranslatability it is not part of neither static, nor propellent texts in the source or target language, but something which turns up simply when two language systems meet in the transfer of a text. Untranslatability is part of the process, of the assessment of the process of transf er.

Disputes between the European Union and the Rest of the world Essay

Disputes amidst the europiuman Union and the Rest of the atomic tot 18naIntroduction The sheer size of the EU sheer grocery stores as intimately as its vast experience of to a greater extent than than than forty years in negotiating international patronage agreements has make it become the most creatorful traffic bloc in the valet de chambre. More everywhere, it has become a formidcap fitting causality done shift, accordingly creating to a greater extent problems with the rest of the world. The EU has increasingly used its securities industry access as a muckleing chip to obtain kinds indoors the domestic arena of its trading partners, starting with labor standards to resurrectment policies, and internationally, ranging from worldwide g everywherenance to foreign policy. Therefore, this paper mainly analyses EUs might in look at a broker that has made it create tautness with the rest of the world. The analysis includes study dilemmas that are assoc iated with how it exercises its sell power and tip out why these strategies create tension with different international states. The subscriber line overly includes the remove for the EU to refine it initial strategies of accommodation for it to successfully transform its structural power to be more effective and hence know a more legitimate square off. Among the first goals of the EU as a avocation power is using its power to secure concessions from others on grocery store access. This makes it function as an sparing orbiculateization determinant or shaper. Basically, the EU is using its tidy sum power to achieve non- get by marks that range from the exportation- ad hoc rules flanking market integration oftentimes(prenominal) as companionable, environment and safety standards to a more political or strategic linkage (Haughton, 2007).The rest of the world is on that pointfrom left to wonder if such(prenominal) use of art power in the end matters in geopolit ical terms.Power in trade When we compare the EU and the US, there is no significant rest in the mien the ii exercise their power in trade at the zygomorphic levels largely finished agreements that they often obligate over their access to the market for their goods, cap and servicings in other regions. Agreements with EU have usually been snarly more on reciprocal concessions over tariffs, quotas, and technical barriers to trade. However, concessions can close totimes be asymmetrical, either callable to the fact that the EU could be do steeper cuts, or due to the fact that the assess of the EU cuts could be greater following the size of the market. Failure to withstand such asymmetries inwardness that the EU, similar to the US, uses preferential bilateral agreements to pry spread out the available markets that are found in the in the south as an exchange for accessing its experience markets. Regionally, EU power has interpreted the form of less specific recipr ocal concessions. As more nations across the world join regional trading blocs, the betoken of the EU is to realize economies of scale through bloc-to-bloc deals. Such first bi-regional trade agreement is unflurried being negotiated since 2000 mainly involving the EU and Mercosur, which is a springer union between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay created in 1991. It is to be followed by ASEAN (the Association of mho East Asian Nations) as brisk stinting partnership agreements (EPAs) with, among others, the Caribbean countries and the gulf Co routine Council. It can non be denied that in Latin America e special(prenominal)ly, have dribblen such moves partly in consideration to re carry out by USAs own drive towards regionalism. EUs involvement in ten-sided bargaining at the global level has been shaped by its affinity to the US. These two great trade powers have for so tenacious been diligent in what is seen by the rest of the world as a battle of the titans , as each side has been trying to ensure that each of them has a continued access balance towards the market through trade and regulatory deals, if not, to resort to dispute settlement (Grabbe, 2006). As that continues, they have also try using their trade power to exert their rule of western hegemony over the under demonstrable world, especially towards the so-called new issues that pertain to services as strong as intellectual property that were initially introduced during the Uruguay Round. Of late piddling co-operation has existed between the EUUS regulatory and these two powers have variant of began pursuing sharply diverging tactics, that came up with opposing alliances during the Hong Kong meeting of the capital of Qatar Round in December 2005.Power through trade The EU hunts to be more attached to not only multilateral forms of trade relations hardly also to the premises of embedded informalism. Contrary to the US topic the EUs use of trade in dictate to achie ve non-trade objectives has some pride as a potential instrument of Europes geopolitical power. Whilst little doubt exists in regards to the EU being considered as one of the top imposters in world trade, there has been a lot of keen amuse while assessing EUs identity as a power in general. They have retri andory put across various qualifiers in creditizing a mode of influence that can enable them to manipulate others and make them perform according to the interest of the EU. Existence of the shift from a post-war to a post-Cold War paradigm of economic hegemony does not seem to be towards only increasing interventionism inside the personal business of trading partners, that even other nations apart from EU bring forwards. It has also taken other forms absent in the subservience of trade to security imperatives, the power to be yielded from asymmetries in such interdependence, and the ends of increased interdependence, as scrutinized down the stairs a mode demanding c riteria of legitimacy. Even as the US tries to promote some specific features of an open trading system that turn tail to serve its domestic interests, the EU instead has been increasingly engaged in a more expert game where values, interests, and model are blurred. It does not just try to promote openness, simply are more concern with openness the EU expression. Considering the fact that the EU itself is a system of market spareization, extraneous efforts that it encourages are regarding replication more than domination Most groupings that have come up in the last decade seem to have done so majorly to increase their bargaining power at bottom the trade negotiations against the EU and the US. They occlude that having a closer relation to other regions around the world tend to be a means of enhancing the normative power of the EU and a reflection of this power. This is because such EU outstanding context and unique character as an integrative policy among other states i s shown to be important. It is not US as a federal state which is relevant to integration among countries, but the EU as a federal union. Therefore, it seems the EUs keep back for regional organizations like the Pacific Islands Forum and the African Union is relate to a particular expectation of contribution not only to the economic integration but also to the prevention, management and resolution of inter-state deviations. However, while the EU has considered itself to be the judge of what is right or wrong as a trade power, there is some evidence showing that as a union it is thence a conflicted trade power. This is a fact since within its different guiding principles there are various policies which directly react each other (Teorell, 2010).Regionalism vs. Multilateralism A lot of debate has been going on, whether regional trade agreements have been indeed create blocks or they are just stumbling blocks for multilateralism. The claim by the EU has always been that they are indeed building blocks. This was demonstrated when it defended the relevance of its own approach to the Uruguay Round agenda as both the EU as well as the GATT at the alike time tried to explore the unobjectionable basis of trade in services, of course, with diverse ambitions as to the extent of liberalization. While it was a key player in the launching of the capital of Qatar Round, it is also becoming an active plugger of regionalism. The question then left to ask is whether these two factions are compatible. spare-time activity the sudden jump in terms of abandon trade agreements to more than 300 like in 2001, the shocking thing is that the WTO has not been able to reach agreement even on a sensation case report towards any(prenominal) regional agreement in spite of them vowing to enroll in the role of regional trade committees. This is in contrast to the appellate Body which has taken on the issue, for example, they suggested on the need to apply some go od-hearted of necessity test, towards a recent ground-breaking case, where by joker and EU were condemned after they increased unnecessary barriers to Indian textiles when Turkey unconquerable to enter its customs union with Europe. Following the move the EU is still billeting lessons. Of course, such judgment may act as an vehemence to the EU policy-makers in their endeavor devise strategies of accommodation trying to muffle the trade-diverting effects on regionalism. As an alternative, on the region-to-region front, there could be a potential insertion of clauses that link the implementation of market access deals with circulate on the multilateral front, just like it was done with ASEAN. EUs regionalism can also come under conflict with bilateral agendas of their own partners. Trials by the EUs strategy of encouraging regional co-operation in the Balkans have come into conflict following its use of trade linkages for domestic change. Also, as was realized in the Euro-Me d context when the EU sought to draw lessons from past relations with the Mediterranean after its multi-lateralized its relations and encouraged trade among the southern partners by changing its rules of origins and allowance of accumulation, for example, aggregation between the value added to the southern nations. However, following lack of consensus between these economies, such approach has not yet been judged to bear fruit, (Knodt & Jnemann, 2007). There could be a need for more drastic incentives. Continued systematic promotion of regionalism could be of distress indeed to the EUs proclaimed development goals. desire, when some analysts urge that being engaged in urging of rapid regional integration in Francophone West Africa was seen as a great contributing factor towards the subsequent instability in the region. The EU sought free nominal head of goods in this case, but not people, but weakness to provide a redistributive wealth mechanism that was to deal with adjustment costs and at the alike time undermined government social programs. Moreover, most of the deals negotiated throughout the 1990s under the watch of the New Transatlantic Agenda between the EU and the US tended to be vulnerable to similar reproval. In a way they have had a trial to the feasibility of exporting the approach by the EU of market integration through regulatory mutual recognition by the US. However, still it is important for the EU and the US to design such agreements as well as their supporting mechanisms better and make them be open to those who are new who might take the approach of respecting the standards adopted trans-atlantically.Non-discrimination vs. bilaterally symmetrical preferential relations What can be seen as a major variant on the multilateralism regionalism dilemmas tend to be increasing tension between the vowed commitment of the EU to international trade legality, more specifically the super favored-nation (MFN) principle, as well as the desire of the EU to be able to maintain preferential trading relations with specific countries. The agreement by the EU to the concept of trade distorting regimes that stems from some of its members colonial pasts, exceeding the full(a) preferential market access granted to ACP countries, may of course in effect(p) as an objective even more commendable as compared to the MFN inquisition of global justice. However, it is important for EU to be clear on the outlay it has to pay for this moral luxury. Therefore, establishing such tension between international law and special relations tend to be acting geopolitically pitting two sets of develop countries against one another. Likewise, the 2001 Everything But Arms initiative (EBA) involvement in granting duty and quota-free access to the entire exports but not where arms and munitions are involved from the least(prenominal) countries that are less developed has faced criticism for excluding the key crops such as sugar, rice and bananas until 2009, as well as for leading in discriminatory practices among developing countries. Vulnerable and small economies that have been included tend to be bound to displace the exports of the same but some countries were excluded. Some States like the Caribbean or the Bangladesh members of the ACP group got a ascertain to benefit from this preferential trading arrangement with the EU. The WTO has many times condemned such policies. However, most of the member states, like UK, France, or Portugal who are former colonial powers, would not be keen on abandoning a system that is knowing to eradicate poverty for the poorest off the beaten track(predicate)mers around the world who have become unfree on inflated EU equipment casualtys. In this instance, the EU has chosen a classic strategy of accommodation progressive graduation as well as the negotiation of transition systems. Based on the multilateral constraint, EUs only remaining power tend to live with find out t he speed of transfer of adjustment costs with its trading partners and its import intermediaries. This kind of negative power is doomed to unpopularity. Therefore, by EU presenting a new deal like in 2005 of cutting guaranteed sugar prices by 36 per cent over four years, it was predictably criticized on all sides, attacked found on the fact that it was reforming the detriment of poor sugar exporting countries and it was failing to move much further. Somehow, the EU seems to have taken firm evidence stand, ironically, even playing around with the non-discriminatory obligations that are contained within the GSP, at least as under the rule of the WTO 2004 appellate body ruling on EU vs. India. In this case, India was challenging the EUs modified GSP which tend to provide an additional margin of preference on the part of recipients with drugs enforcement policies where the cathexis was involved in inventing the entire list of beneficiaries of the programme without considering an y objective criteria. Seen as a brilliant compromise disposed(p) to the EU given by the AB, the benefit of the doubt based on the fact that indeed the right to modify preferential treatment was not subject to a simplistic constraint of identical treatment among beneficiaries, (Tocci, N., 2007). The AB argued that different developing countries were not situated on the same way when it comes to their different unavoidably and hence could possibly be subject to performance requirements as long as the approach were objective, transparent, as well as non-discriminatory in the big sense. What question perhaps remains to be tested is what are satisfying conditionalities more generally? In a sense, it was important for the EU to develop a more universal approach as to where to draw the line. horse opera Hegemony Vs. Mediating Power An area which has also brought tension is in the EUs alliance strategy as well as the light it portrays on what kind of actor it really wants to become . As a matter of fact, is it possible for the EU to play the part of the nervous protectionist North (agriculture), the rich liberal North (services), as well as the mediator between the atomic number 16 and the North? Taking the rich North, is it necessary for it to generally to always take the US side for it to protect their shared commercial interests? Or it should go for emphasizing its vocation as a mediating power on the global scene, especially between the developing world and the US but at the same time, increasingly, between different interests in the developing world itself? entirely as was recently demonstrated by controversies in the Doha Round, not only do multilateral trade negotiations are asking how much liberalization, but they are also asking what kind of liberalization as well as for whose benefit The Uruguay Round basically represent the mop up of an assertive USEU alliance bent towards a commercially driven line in addition to a grand bargain between their re luctant acceptance of (partial) opening night on some equatorial/agricultural products and a (delayed) opening on textile, as an exchange for introducing pert issues within the newly created WTO. In particular, intellectual property issues have candid the EU to a lot of criticism that comes from the developing world due to the fact it sided with the interest of US multinationals. This tension between the North including the EU and the developing world started way back. However, a lot of attempt has been made by the EU to establish a reputation as a champion of development including through its 2001 role, when it launched the Doha development agenda. Some other promoted path-breaking declaration on trade and popular health has been going on. Like it has opened the way for legalizing broad exemptions from intellectual property constraints during any imports on generic drugs to treat diseases such as AIDS. There are also other initiatives, for example the databank which was set up by the Commissions Directorate General for Trade in order to assist developing countries in their market access strategies, and have enabled the EU begin to change the image it has in the WTO. Following what recently came up in the Doha Round is an indication again to the lack of commitment that the EU has in seeking to marry its natural alliance in most of the domains (not all) with the US and its development advocacy. For example, when a World Bank Study questioned the EUs demonstration strategy through EBA stating that once requirements such as standards as well as rules of origin were taken into account, it was realized that the US was in truth more open to LDC exports as compared to the EU. On the other hand, there is misadventure by the EU to promote multilateral solutions that is capable of addressing perhaps the single most important factor that links trade and poverty such as the massive volatility as well as worsening in the price of primary(a) commodities. As a expiry if the EU is indeed committed to uphold an image as a mediating power within the global political economy, it will have no plectrum but to actively promote changes in the WTO which the US is in all likelihood to actively resist, (Marshall, M., & Jaggers, K.,2010). However, a lot of failure has been manifested by the EU in exploiting a potentially promising strategy of accommodation like putting transatlantic economic as well as regulatory co operation at the service of multilateralism.Internal vs. external objectives Somehow, the dash in which the EU is exercising power through trade should be held up to special standards. Claiming consistency between its internal and external actions tend to be at the heart of its legitimate exercise of power. The EU has indeed faced uncorrectableies in an attempt to lead by example in the area of trade. Like, in case where the single market has been premised based on the assumption that free movement of people is a key dimen sion of market integration, as a matter of fact, what will this one mean for the position taken by the EU on the freedom of movement of people in order to deliver services? In order for EU to be consistent, it will need to invest political capital and more creative thinking in globalization with human faces as well as the expressive style in which there could be encouragement of back-and-forth movement of people as an alternative to permanent migration. The alive tension between the internal and external is well evidenced over agriculture, and came up in the Doha Round. A lot of questions have been raised over the conflicted position taken by the EU regarding agricultural tariffs and subsi bursts in its commitment to putting multilateralism at the service of development. As a matter of fact, there is no need for denying European citizens their landscape, food security, and way of life. However, it is important to tell them the much it costs, like the number of people who are now living under $1 a day. Also the question can be whether region-to-region agreements tend to be more about promoting regional integration outside the EU per se but not pickings the form of a worldwide strategy pushing for convergence with European standards as well as mutual opening of markets, thereby supporting EU incumbents. Time and again representatives of Mercosur have tell that they are aiming to follow the EUs example, which according to them has made Europe less dependent on the outside world, (the EU has stressed market opening). What is interesting is that the current political leadership in Mercosur, particularly chair Lula in Brazil, have kind of supported the EU run across over the US-led Free Trade of the Americas Agreement, indicating that the EUs leverage through trade does not show some indications of legitimacy as compared to that of that of the US, (Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee, 2012). Moreover, it seems that EU assumes that the liberal recipe of ease through commerce which has indeed seems to have worked so well with them applies uniformly anywhere else. Generally, trade is capable of fueling conflict especially when carried out within a context of corrupt governance, dense social inequalities, and unfair rules, as well as without enough tutelage being paid to its destructive byproducts like export dependence, adjustment costs, price volatility or illegal trafficking. For EU to bring its external action to be in line with its internal philosophy, it needs to establish trade policies that are also sensitive to these potential conflicts. The current certifications efforts for diamonds or flavor constitute tend to be a promising starting point. tally Partnership vs. Conditional Opening There is a fundamental contradiction in terms that exists as well within the very idea of normative or soft power. The language the EU is speaking is of shared norms which are developed through consensus and co-operation. But on the oth er hand, trade power tends to be the use of carrots and sticks in enforcing such norms on trading partners. We are not even surprised that the incorporation of non-trade conditions in trade deals faces great enemy from developing countries, as they just see this to be a plain-spoken coercion. A growing debate is now going on regarding the intensity of conditionality, which is now kind of spilling over from the field of aid to that of trade. Regardless of any instrumental argument, what is still being asked is whether a post-colonial power is not venture to rely on voluntary change as well as the provision of public goods like its markets in bolstering the likelihood of such change. Do we miss to see a contradiction as the EU tries to export norms of its making, which is predicated based on voluntary co-operation between states using its quasi-coercive leverage through trade? Some of the policies such as the EBA undoubtedly tend to lie at the other end of the spectrum uncondition al opening to be a tool for development having trust that new export opportunities in themselves is likely to encourage desired changes in the beneficiaries. Nevertheless, is it true that this policy is genuinely taking the interests of developing countries to heart, or it is just a public relations putsch on the part of the EU?This is a signal to the rest of the world that the EU was eventually acting upon its pro-developing world rhetoric, the EU managed to find their way out in Hong Kong in generalizing the principle under WTO. So far giving way duty/quota-free access to 97 per cent of the products that originates in least developed countries is not welcomed by majority.Trade Liberalization vs. national Preferences There is great tension for the EU as a trade power based on the embedded liberalism compromise. The conflict is in the manner of combining a trade liberalization credo with a primary concern for the social effects of market integration. Often, the EU has been fac ing social demands for protection that somehow may be going beyond the essence of embedded liberalism. In response to such demands, the Commissions trade policy-makers under the leadership of Pascal Lamy have developed a fresh conceptual apparatus based on the fact of collective preferences background knowledge up institutions that are capable of forging collective preferences. The end result is diversification of social choices over health care, inter alia food safety, tending in the field of biotechnology or welfare rights, cultural diversity, public provision of education and health care. However, it is argued that if these concerns justify protection then the EU has the obligation of providing compensation to its trading partners.Conclusion Indeed, it seems like EU exploits its redoubted trade power for pursuing non-trade objectives through conditionality or through promote regional trade blocs in its own image. This highlights the way the divergences between member st ates objectives makes it hard for the EU to signal its resolve to the outside world more clearly. Nonetheless, such divergences are themselves a byproduct or an expression of existing tensions between various alternative priorities or even norms that must concurrently be committed to by the EU machinery, such as nondiscrimination and bilateral preferential relations, regionalism and multilateralism, western hegemony and mediating power, trade liberalization and domestic preferences, internal and external objectives, equal partnership and conditional opening. Due to the fact that legitimacy tends to be the main currency for an aspiring normative power, it will be difficult for the EU to effectively become a power through trade without addressing what majority of the world considers being unsustainable contradictions.ReferencesHaughton, T. (2007). When does the EU make a difference? Conditionality and the accession process in Central and Eastern Europe. Political Studies Review, 5(2) , 233246.Knodt, M., & Jnemann, A. (2007). Introduction Conceptionalizing the EUs promotion of democracy. In A. Jnemann & M. Knodt (Eds.), Externe Demokratiefrderung durch die Europische Union-European external democracy promotion (pp. 932). Baden-Baden Nomos.Marshall, M., & Jaggers, K. (2010). Polity IV project Political regime characteristics and transitions, 18002009. Fairfax Center for Systemic Peace, George Mason University.Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee (2012) Mercosur South Americas Fractious Trade Bloc. Retrieved 3rd 10, 2014. http//www.cfr.org/trade/mercosur-south-americas-fractious-trade-bloc/p12762Teorell, J. (2010). Determinants of democratization Explaining regime change in the world. Cambridge Cambridge University PressTocci, N. (2007). The EU and conflict resolution. Promoting peace in the backyard. London Routledge.Source document

Financial Statement Analysis for Tootsie Roll and Hershey Essay

The Hershey phoner engages in the manufacture, marketing, distribution, and sale of various types of chocolate and glass store, refreshment and snack products, and food and beverage enhancers in the United States and internationally. The Hershey community sells its products by means of sales representatives and food brokers, primarily to wholesale distributors, chain mart stores, dope merchandisers, chain drug stores, vending companies, wholesale clubs, convenience stores, dollar stores, concessionaires, department stores, and natural food stores. The company was founded in 1894 and is based in Hershey, Pennsylvania.The Hershey Company went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1922 (http//finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=HSY). Tootsie bowl Industries, Inc. , through its subsidiaries, engages in the manufacture and sale of confectionery products. The company sells its products under the registered trademarks. It distributes its products through sugarcoat and grocery br okers to wholesale distributors of candy and groceries, supermarkets, variety stores, dollar stores, chain grocers, drug chains, discount chains, cooperative grocery associations, warehouse and membership club stores, vending machine operators, the U.S. military, and fund-raising charitable organizations. Tootsie lace Industries operates in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The company was founded in 1896 and is based in Chicago, Illinois. The Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. went public on the NYSE in 1927 (http//finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=TR). The Hershey Company and the Tootsie Roll Company both are companies in confection industry they specialize in a wide variety of chocolate candy products.I compared both companies for the years 2002, 2003, and 2004 against each other and against the industry averages in order to make a decision about which company investors would take to invest in. The comparisons I used to make this decision were ratios for liquidity, solvency, and pro fitability. As a result of my analyses, I have chosen the Hershey Company.

Assess the reasons why the 2nd Republic was so short lived Essay

In 1848, agitation arose surrounding Louis Philippe, which led to his abdication later on that year and the sightting up of a majority rule in his departure. The back Re normal was fated for misery and only reigned for an ineffective four years- amid 1848 and 1852- before Louis snooze destroyed the republic in order to halt himself-importance-importance emperor moth. I am going to discuss the combination of factors which contri thoed to the collapse of this flawed republic.In early 1848, under the authorities of Louis Philippe agricultural and industrial problems resulted in rioting, unrest and unemploy ment. Louis legitimacy as king was beginning to be challenged and the spunk class, eager for re anatomys caught hold of a revolutionary spirit performing in demonstrations including that of the 23rd February, where nearly 50 throng were killed. Louis, feeble in the flavour of a revolution, abdicated and fled to Britain on the 24th of February 1848.The abdication of Louis- Philippe left a nullity or mightiness and authority. The legislative authority which was in session at the time would willingly have declared regency for the ex-Kings mother until his watchword was of sufficient age to rule, had non the commonwealthans inside and outside the Assembly acted so swiftly. The middle class became worried as they were in the minority compared to the on the job(p) class and feared them. The middle class were accepting of the decision of regency entirely the capital of France menage, the working class, were furious at the prospect of their uprisings being ignored. They treasured a total change, not another monarch. A part of the gird mob which had in fact caused Louis abdication, successfully burst into the Chamber of Deputies as the arrangements for the succession were being discussed and to prevent all conclusion being decided. It was crystalise to those deputies who dared remain, that a republic was not in order because most(prenominal) of the people precious it, but that only a republic would calm the mob d let.A primary reason for the failure of the republic was that it was only doctor up in response and placation of the working class, or the genus Paris mob. The Paris mob was not the majority of the population hence support for the republic was thin from the beginning. Sufficient granting immunity was not elevated opposing its creation however, because the monarchists were far besides divided to connect. For example, even if the Orleanists and Legitimists did unite to overthrow the republic, on that point would then be a state of sedition as they both wanted such different i recognises for France.A tentative governance was set up with 4 Socialists and 7 Republicans. Controversy arose, thus hindering the success of the republic, as both the Republicans and Socialists wanted a republic but entirely different whizs. The Socialists were unlucky in the majority of the government being Republican as it meant they were ousted on most occasions. For example, it was decided to set the election date on Easter Sunday a blast for the Socialists.This was because the Catholic Church disliked the Socialists and a majority of their supporters, the urban working class, would attend mass, hear a biased sermon (in those days the church was permitted to interfere politically) and thus take against the Socialists. The election results for the instantaneously Executive delegacy reflected this, with 5 moderate Republicans, and no Socialists. The situation was not dissimilar to that in the period Louis Philippe and much of the constituent in the Assembly were lawyers, professionals and landowners. In fact, one hundred sixty-five of the 900 of them had been in the July monarchy under Louis Philippe. This enraged the Socialists who were desperate for reformation. They attempted an uprising but were quickly pressed and their leaders imprisoned.The first reformation made by government was concerning unemployment and they gave money, buildings and tools in hope people would create jobs for themselves and be vex self sufficient. The revolution however, increased unemployment and the government themselves developed economic problems. They needed to either cut spending or raise taxes, which would be a insecurity for their popularity. The Committee was emboldened by the settled state of Paris brought nearly by the payment of the dole by field of study workshops and with their conservative character of the moderate Republicans it was decided it was time to put the masses back in their proper place and assert dominance once more.Thus, the ending of National Workshops came around as they had cost the country a great deal of money and attracted the short(p)est of society from everywhere in Paris in efforts to puzzle handouts. Men were instructed either to join military service or go to Algeria to work. The Republicans motives were clear they felt threatened by the large number of fit poor in Paris and feared the only way to prevent a potentially revolutionary group was to disperse them into the army or to do work in various provinces, forcing them to comply if they objected. Their reaction was predictably exasperate at the audacity of the Republicans and 20,000 armed rioters took to the street in a resistance known as the June days which was regarded as more commanding than the one that forced Louis-Philippe into abdication.The government was prepared to use any force that was needed in order to crush the revolt. General Cavaignac, with calculated and cold-hearted efficiency brought upon his military personnel and begun the task of quiet literally clearing away the barricades street by street. Troops roamed the quarters in which the barricades had been and killed anybody whom they thought had been involved in the struggle against them. Ironically, thousands of the protestors were imprisoned or deported to Algeria in the end anyway. The June days were a bourn of the republic, four days of brutal fighting clearly revealed to all the hot nature of the republic. The Republicans felt they now had power over the Socialists and decided to crush them once and for all. Newspapers and clubs run by the Socialists were closed. The working-class became anti-Republican as they saw them now as oppressive and manipulative, both to the Socialists and also to themselves. The Republicans were doomed. They were upholding a flawed government with diminutive support.In November discussions of the Constituent Assembly finished and it was decided there would be a president elected for four year periods and of customary male suffrage. In December 1848 the elections were held for government activity. It was an impossible task to appeal to any more than a small minority of the electorate as a campaigner due to the obvious lack of media facilities. Louis cat sleep Bonaparte spent most of his personal fortune however, in one of the first attempts at a na tional scale campaign. Local newspapers, badges, pictures and Napoleonic mementos were widely distributed. Napoleon had come to claim what he believed, by birth, to be his right.Used to Lamartines woolgathering romantic idealism, France needed someone new and decisive which was a pan gravy for Napoleon. Many had believed the election to be a foregone conclusion and that the presidency would certainly go to Cavaignac. However, he had made enemies whereas Napoleons composition remained untarnished. Despite lacking in charisma and being a poor public speaker, the leading politicians appeared fond of him and in a bid for power thought that they would be able to manipulate him as a puppet.His policies were of a strong government inside a democratic framework, his strong self image and his uncles Napoleonic legend appealed to all and most importantly, he had no association with the June days. He allured the masses in differing ways The Royalists wanted him as a temporary monarch until t he Legitimists and Orleanists resolved their differences the clergy and army men thought he would uphold their privileges the working class were enthusiastic on his ideas of social reform the Frenchman thought he would reverse the Vienna colonization and the peasants wanted protection from the Republicans who were associated with violence.Napoleon becoming president was of no proceeds to the republic and it could not last long under his power. Once president, Napoleon became greedy in his desire for power and decided his position was not authoritative enough. He wanted to remain in presidency nightlong than the four year stint and also demanded an increased wage. On the second December 1851, after his demands were not met, Napoleon staged a putsch to gain support and brought in troops to quash the opposition. An overwhelming yes vote secured Napoleon with a ten year rule and another for France to operate an Empire with Napoleon as emperor. On the 2nd December 1852 Napoleon decla red himself Emperor and therefore dissolved the imprimatur Republic of France. later less than 5 years the Second Republic had been brought to an end. The republican form of government had such revolutionary overtones inducing political, economic and social excitation that it is not surprising that the men of property and power throughout atomic number 63 regarded Republicanism as a danger. The Second Republic had been established through public acclaim in Paris although had there not been a infract of the Orleanists and the Legitimists and the Constituent Assembly a Republican constitution, then a Republic would never have emerged. Thus the republic had such few commanding adherents that it was unlikely to survive any determined and well-organised attempt to overthrow it. The Second Republic failed to survive once a suitable solution had been found, in the Emperor of Napoleon. However, we should not credit Napoleons rise to Emperor as all due to the situation he had made dexte rous and determined use of all that had been handed to him.I believe the failure of the Second Republic to be one of inevitability as it was too diverse in comparison to the previous reign of the monarch, to be completely accepted. A plethora of hindrances faced the success of the Second Republic but I believe it to be mainly due to 4 factors the flimsy support for the republic in the first place (only the Paris mob), the Republicans destroyal of their own reformation, the workshops, the French peoples need for stability and Louis Napoleons overriding determination for power, which was the final nail in the coffin of the Republic.

Rabindranath Tagore Essay

Rabindranath Tagore ( 7 May 1861 7 August 1941), sobriquet Gurudev,was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his neighborhoods literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful poetise, he became the commencement exercise non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial his on the face of it mesmeric personality, flowing hair, and other-worldly dress earned him a prophet-like reputation in the West. His elegant prose and magical poetry remain largely unknown orthogonal Bengal. Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical Sanskrit. He was extremely influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and debility versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern font India.5A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta, Ta gore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old.10 At age sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhnusiha (Sun social lion), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics. He graduated to his first short stories and dramasand the aegis of his birth nameby 1877. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and strident anti-nationalist he denounced the Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two railway yard songs his legacy endures also in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics policy-making and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimedor pannedfor their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were elect by two nations as national anthems the Republic of Indias Jana Gana Mana and Bangladeshs Amar Shonar Bangla. The composer of Sri Lankas national anthem Sri LankaMatha was a student of Tagore, and the song is shake by Tagores style.

Personal Goals HCS/301

Personal Goals HCS/301 February 14, 2011 Abstract In this paper I pass on discuss my personal goals that I obtain reached and go along to strive for. With that universe said, I know more an(prenominal) accomplishments such as volunteer work, maintaining my family, knowledge impudently nursing positions, everyplacecoming my personal health issues, and committing myself to return for a high(prenominal) education and get ahead travel development. Having been in the medical examination field for over twenty years, I have seen many advances in healthcare.With the changing medical profession I have come to the realization in order of battle to understand the different aspects of nursing, it is crucial for me to continue to strive towards vernal goals in my nursing profession. My goals have made an impact on my nursing career and the various paths I have challenged, I have come to substantiate the importance of understanding that with knowledge and wisdom I have with chi ld(p) in my suffers. Personal Goals Growing up as an only child, I crystalised at a young age that I had many opportunities to explore.When I was young I always put others flowner. I washed- come forth many hours with family members whom were nurses. I admired them for their dedication to the health and well world of others. Having been shown lots of love and commitment end-to-end my life is the reason why I decided to help others. When I was fifteen I began volunteering at my local community hospital. This hospital is where I remain working today. As a child, I chose to work towards a career in nursing. My first goal I chose was to be a volunteer at the hospital.This was the starting signal of my commitments to the community. According to The Journal of educational Psychology, there are Mastery goals and doing goals. Mastery goals are motivated through individual desire magical spell performance goals are concerned with appearing capable and competitive to others (Educati onal Psychology, 2006, p. 354). operation goals apply to me because I have the influence and motivation of my family. Through many experiences I have instal that personal goals are achievable. All you regard is hard work and determination.This often requires an increased workload, which leads to increased assay. Keeping these thoughts in mind can help me achieve my short and long-term goals. Goals to me vomit from high priority to low priority. With my continuing desire for a higher education this is where I am today. I have chosen to get a telephone line The University of Phoenix for a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. short-term goals for me begin with getting though my daily tasks. I have found that keeping a planner is a valuable tool this helps me with my cartridge clip management and prioritizes my short-term goals.As a Registered Nurse working full-time with a family of five, planning is always necessary to keep my life manageable. Getting though household dutie s, bills, school, homework and baseball practices can compel overwhelming. The thought of having fair to middling time to cook or even enjoy meals seems impossible. Unfortunately, I have been living with Systemic Lupus for the last six years, which has consisted of endless doctor appointments and science lab work. This has been a tremendous journey for my family and I. My goals during this time have been to decrease stress and improve my health through exercise and meditation.Ultimately, I neediness to continue to maintain lower takes of stress and achieve an optimal health level to reach my goals. Twenty years ago I graduated from well-heeled West Community College with my Associate Degree in Nursing. This was quite a struggle and an overwhelming experience for me. My family was young and there were many immeasurable tiring hours involved in order to achieve my goal of change state a Registered Nurse. Becoming a registered nurse was a large(p) milestone and an amazing acco mplishment for me. Graduating from college was a step towards my personal devotion to my future(a) patients.Upon completion of my Associate Degree in Nursing, I was hired as Registered Nurse in the Medical/Surgical unit. After several months as a practicing nurse, my manager encouraged me to take the opportunity to become a bourgeon nurse. This was an ambition of mine from the beginning. I knew I had the abilities to take charge and lead a team. With the knowledge and strengths of my senior nurses, I began to develop my leaders skills. Listening and participating as a team member helped me ascertain from my fellow nurses as they shared their experiences with me.I was never too proud to take care or learn. I have continued to remain this way throughout my nursing career. This has been beneficial to me because I can lead and listen to a team. From the beginning I realized that the key elements were communication and teamwork. My goals increased from there, and I knew I had to take further classes in order to develop my skills. I became informed in Advanced Certified Life Support and paediatric Advanced Life Support, and after three years of this experience my succeeding(prenominal) goal was to advance into Pediatric nursing.I was offered a job on a Pediatric Oncology floor at Loma Linda University Medical Center, Childrens Hospital. I became chemo certified and began working with pediatric cancer patients. I challenged myself into working in critical care pediatric oncology. This was an extremely emotional experience in my nursing career. Having stayed on that unit for four and a half years, I was aspirant for a new goal. I ventured out for a new experience and applied for a recovery room nurse position at Placentia Linda Hospital. While working in the recovery room, I then instruct to become an operating room nurse.My leadership and organizational skills became apparent I was then promoted into a charge nurse position. I continued to want to learn more about leadership so I took a position as an assistant administrator at a new non-established surgery center. This goal was by farthermost the most exciting for me. It showed me other component of nursing and leadership. As, Ivey chore Journal described, the purpose of learning a goal is to stimulate ones imagination, to engage in find and to Think outside of the box (Ivey Business Journal, 2006, p. 1).Not only did I have to think about ideal patient care, I had to be a director of a team, deal with finances, and be in direct line of fire of the physicians who owned the facility. After three and a half years of growing and expanding my knowledge of administration, as well as being a patient care advocate, my appreciation for my profession has grown fonder and I am ready to pursue a higher level of management. Eventually, I would uniform to become a director of surgery services. This will allow me to become part of a planning team, decrease my stress level, and provide a better quality of life for my family and myself.In conclusion, I have come to realize that the profession I have chosen has given me a great sense of pride. I have accomplished many goals thus far in my nursing career, but looking forward to achieving more. I started out as a volunteer, and eventually became a charge nurse where I continue to excel. Rogers (2007) stated, Even if youre on the right track, youll get run over if you just sit there (p. 95). I have chosen to continue challenging myself in my career by exploitation new ways to lead, manage, and listen to my peers. The commitment to extend my education has brought new goals.These goals imply receiving my Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing and to continue developing new strategies to enhance my abilities as a team leader and further advance to a director position. References Mestas, M. , Urdan, T. (2006). The goals behind performance goals. The Journal of Educational Psychology,Vol. 98(2), 354-365. Latham, G. , Seijts, G. P. (2006). Learning goals or performing goals Is it the journey or the destination? Ivey Business Journal, Vol. 70(5), 1-6. Bishop, J. , Carter, C. , Katz, J. R. , Lyman, S. (2006). Values, Goals,Time, and Stress. The Keys to Nursing Success, 95.

What’s Happening To Our Girls

Written my Maggie Hamilton presents the Issue that girls all over the existence feel pressures at some stage of their waits. Hamilton presents this idea to the endorser in a contradict dash in comparison to how popular finish and wider ships company encourages it. As girls be maturation up, they feel pressures regarding their desires to be a woman, body Image and pressures from p bents and teachers. Hamilton expresses these Ideas by means of the using up of goods and services of expositive conventions such as inter sentiments, facts and expert opinion.Young girls ranging from the ages of 3-12 are becoming more and more like managers. Their fit out are getting skimpier and their desires are al ways growing. The expository text Whats natural event to our girls? Presents this cope through the employ of interviews expert opinion. Hamilton bewilders the idea of youthfulness girls losing their puerility in a negative way to the reader through the use of her expert o pinion. An face of this from the text Is Teenage life crappert come readily enough for most teens.By instanter theyre more than ready to leave their little-girl self behind. (Peg. 31 ) This is explaining how girls are losing their valuable and replaceable childhood experiences that they are now missing out on due to the strong Influences that popular refinement has on them. Hamilton is encouraging the parents of these young girls to not spoil their children by gravid them everything they desire barely to engage them within their community and to mix with a variety of people from different generations. Another convention used to convey the message is facts.An exercising of this In the text is In one ponder of girls aged 5-8, over a quarter of the 5-year-old-galls wished they were These facts support the idea that arils are growing up too fast and that these are the issues that adults should be harassment about, not young girls. In popular culture, these ideas are also pr esented, but in a deferent way. Girls are existence encouraged to eat up a bun in the oven the latest technology, clothes and makeup through the use of Images In magazines. powder store companies use specific emblems to encourage girls to step into the world of woman hood.An example of this is in one Bliss magazine, they published the A-Z of sex. This is handing out unnecessary schooling to young readers that they would never need to know at their age. Girls feel that they have to live up to these expectations that boys and their peers have of them and they will do anything to be accepted. magic spell the majority of parents would be horrified by the way these Ideas are presented to their young girls, many parents support the idea of their little girls wearing bras, makeup and obsessing about their clothes.In my personal opinion I believe that young girls should embrace and sleep with their worries and carefree days Like I did when I was a child. Hamilton suggests that this Is a growing concern in our society today as it encourages girls to go bad over sexualities. democratic culture is encouraging the over exultations of girls and wider society Is move their best to stop It. 1 OFF expresses this idea through the use of conventions such as facts and interviews in a negative way to the reader. absolute majority of girls in modern society are very self- conscious.Afraid of being constantly Judged, girls are relentlessly striving to keep up with the latest fashions and their desires to be thin middling so they can fit in. Many girls go to the extremes of starving themselves and purging notwithstanding to feel accepted by others. Hamilton is presenting this issue in a negative way to the reader through the SE of interviews. An example of this is in the text is Eating disorders are really kinda a common thing, but you kind of get used to it-like thats the way it is. Peg. 07). This is explaining to the reader how common eating disorders are becoming a nd how girls dont think much of it anymore. In popular culture the idea of beauty is extremely distorted. With the use of Photos, companies believe that they can make more money by fashioning girls look thinner and more attractive. When girls view these warped images, they believe that these are the features they need to have to be dutiful. Examples of these features include the thigh gap, a forthwith stomach and collar bones.Hamilton used the convention of facts to present this idea to the reader. An example of this in the text is Links have now been made among the representation of thin models in magazines and eating disorders. In one study, the juvenile girls who watched TV ads with skinny models were less confident and happy with their bodies than girls not candid to these ads. (Peg. 103) These fact positions the reader to have a negative point of view towards magazine companies who are sending these storied messages to young girls.In wider society, parents want to cheris h their young girls from bad influences that can be put on them. majority of parents dont know what their girls are reading in their magazines and would be horrified to know what information these girls are absorbing. In my opinion, I believe that girls need to be themselves and understand their individuality and to not constantly worry about their appearance. Hamilton suggests that sad body image is taking over our girls mindsets and their values they have of themselves are plummeting.Popular culture s influencing girls to believe that they are not up to the standards of being beautiful and wider society is trying to prevent them from thinking passel on themselves. Girls all over the world are feeling pressures from their parents, friends and teachers. Hamilton conveys this message to the reader in a negative way through the use of expository conventions such as interviews and expert opinion. As young girls are growing up in a modern world, their parents have high expectations o f them to surveil in school and to secure a financially rewarding Job.Along with the pressures f grades, friends and boys this leads to a lot of stress in girls lives. Hamilton expresses this idea to the reader through the use of her expert opinion. An example of this in the text is Its a enlarged ask for any teenager to be perfect and popular, wear the in effect(p) clothes, look cool and achieve excellent grades. T heres little opportunity here to build solid self-esteem. Is it any wonder so many are feeling depressed? (Peg. 80). This opinion describes to the viewer the many pressures girls face in their daily lives and how it is affecting their physiological state.Another convention used is interviews. An example of this in the text is l dont go out very much during the summation of pressure put on you at school to do well- and you Just get stressed out. (Peg. 75) This conveys the message to the reader as it explains Just how stressed out girls can be even over the little th ings. Popular culture also doesnt help girls either. Maggie Hamilton explains The pressure on girls is also unembellished in teen magazines, where theres endless editorial on what it means to be a successful woman-how to have a smash body, better skin, better grades. (Peg. ) When girls are reading these articles they are comparing themselves to the text and their self- esteem goes down as they know that they do not live up to the standards. Wider society is also a contributing factor towards girls feeling pressured. Parents who are expecting well-behaved children with good grades and teachers loading them up with homework dont help downsize girls stress levels, it Just rapidly increases them. In my opinion, I believe that girls do face a lot of pressures throughout their teen years and that they need to find ways to cope and work around them.Hamilton presents the issue of pressures in a negative way to the reader whilst popular culture and wider society are determination ways to i ncrease the stress levels girls have today. Hamilton presents the idea of pressures widely throughout the expository text Whats hipping to our girls?. The ideas of girls growing up too fast, body image and expectations and presented within the text through the use of conventions. These conventions include the use of expert opinion, facts, statistics and interviews. Hamilton presents these ideas in a negative way to the reader and explains ways that arenas and friends can help their girls move past them.Popular culture is a major indorser to the way girls think they should be living and also has huge influenced on their attitudes, values and behavior. A large majority of wider society wants their girls to grow up in a carefree environment where they can learn to be creative and enjoy their individuality. I believe that girls should be able to live their lives to the fullest and not worry about what others think of them. If every girl in the world accepted each other for who they wer e, imagine the freedom and amusement everyone would have.

Comparitive Study Between Euripides’ Alcestis and Hippolytus

Euripides, youngest of the three great classical tragedians, was born c. 485 BC though he was scarcely a coevals younger than Sophocles, his world view better reflects the political, social, and intellectual crises of late 5th-century Athens. Euripides large range spans contradictory tendencies He was two a rationalist and a romanticisthe some(prenominal) criticized the traditional gods and celebrated religious pheno workforcea He incorporated the new intellectual and scientific move workforcets into his works but besides conveyed the irresistible power of the irrational.Original and experimental, he parodied the conventions of tragedy and also employ new theories about the illusionist and deceptive powers of language. He created tragicomic plots. His Alcestis and Hippolytus atomic number 18 his two great jobs. We depart nonice many similarities in Euripidean buncos. at that place are many similarities in Alcestis and Hippolytus and also make up some dissimilarities. c omparative degree studies between these sportswomans are discussed below. In ancient Greek tragedy on that point has several partsPrologue, Parados, Episode. the first Stasimon the second Episode, the second Stasimon, the ternion gear Episode, the third Stasimon, the fourth Episode, the fifth Stasimon and Exodos. The plot structures of both finds are same. In both lean we find Prologue, Parados, Episode, the first Stasimon the second Episode, the second Stasimon, the third Episode, the third Stasimon, the fourth Episode, the fifth Stasimon and Exodos and also choral ode with strophe and antistrophe. In both play the unity of time, place and action have been maintained. Both plays are compose in Iambic Pentameter.Both Alcestis and Hippolytus open with prologue or monologue which is a common characteristic of Greek plays . In both plays the consultation have lost their interest from the very beginning because everything has been told before in the prologue. The play Alcestis b egins with the prologue of the god Apollo. Here Apollo stops conclusion from taking the carriage of Admetus and predicts that Alcestis will die instead of Admetus. He also predicts that Alcestis brio will be allayd by Heracles, the demi god. Similarly the play Hippolytus also begins with the monologue of the goddess Aphrodite.In the play Aphrodite the goddess of manage, is angry with Hippolytus because of his devotion to Artemis, the goddess of chastity and hunting. So she makes a externalize to ruin the life of Hippolytus, phadra and Theseus as well. Chorus plays a very pro build position in Greek plays. The countance of emit is mandatory in Greek plays. In the plays of Sophocles the chorus continually present on the stage. In Euripides the picture is quite different. His plays are relatively complex. He experienced difficulties in retaining chorus.In Alcestis The entry of the chorus, or the parodos sequence, follows a chorus of fifteen men of Pherae, led by a coryphaeus ( chorus-leader), enter the orchestra of the theatre. The chorus-leader complains that they are in a state of suspense, ignorant of whether they ought to be performing mourning rituals for their queen. The chorus lyrical ode, to which they spring as they sing, consists of two paired stanzas of strophe and antistrophe. They sing of the silence that greets their search for signs of mourning, the deduction of Alcestis remnant. When goodness dies, they lament, all good men suffer, too. The chorus-leader concludes by dismissing the chorus search for apply in the situation The King has exhausted every ritual. The Chorus is world-shattering here and active. They informed the audience about what is happening inside the palace. strange Senecas chorus, the chorus is very active and plays a very great image. In Hippolytus the chorus is composed of fifteen women of Troy. In this play the chorus is mostly passive. For in a Sophoclean play the chorus announces new comers.In Hippolytus th e chorus is not as active as Sophoclean tragedy. They inform the audience of the death of his wife. tho under no circumstances could they speak of the cruel honey of Phaedra for Hippolytus. That would have been the height of impropriety. That is why Phaedra has to lay bare her mettle to the Nurse. It is Artemis who informed Theseus of what actually happened. What mortals fail to do, Dues ex machine can. The choruses in Hippolytus thence do not serve any important purpose as they do in the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles.Euripides always highlights the role of servant or she-goat end-to-end his plays. He always highlights the salve character. In Alcestis it is the servant who reveals the unknown to Heracles that their queen is dead. Heracles gets drunk and begins irritating the servants, who bonkd their queen and are sour at not being allowed to mourn her properly. Finally, one of the servants snaps at the client and tells him what has happened. Heracles is terribly e mbarrassed at his blunder and his bad behavior, and he decides to tarry and live Death and save Alcestis from the clutches of Death.Similarly in Hippolytus it is defend who reveals the secret of her queen to Hippolytus which hastens the death of Phaedra. Phaedra took her Nurse into her confidence. But the nurse foolishly exposed the truth to Hippolytus. So we can say in both plays. Euripides reveals the truth by a slave character. Aeschylus and Sophocles had implicit faith in the Olympian gods and goddesses. Euripides had refined sensibility and looks at the divinities a little critically disciple of Xenophanes and Anaxagoras, he had a rational outlook on men and things. He was not a skeptic, far less an atheist.He abundantly utilize the traditional myth and legends. In Alcestis, Admetusforgot to sacrifice to Artemis, and consequently found his marriage chamber full of coiled serpents. Apollo bade King Admetus reconcile the goddess, and meanwhile he obtained (because Admetus1 was such a kind track towards him) a special favour of the MOERAE that when Admetus1 should be about to die, he might be released from death, if someone should choose voluntarily to die for him. In Admetus I found a godly man. And so I pull through him from death by tricking the MOERAE.These goddesses promised me that Admetus could escape an immediate death by self-aggrandizing in exchange another corpse to the powers below. (Apollo. Euripides, Alcestis 10). Alcestis dies in vicarious death Admetus could not find someone who would die for him. scarce because of the role of Apollo, Admetus life saves and Alcestis dies instead of him. Euripides makes gods and goddesses questionable. In Alcestis, Alcestis dies because Admetus could not find someone who would die for him. Only because of the role of Apollo, Admetus life saves and Alcestis dies instead of him.Here the justice of Apollo is definitely questionable. In Hippolytus, the Olympian gods and goddesses plays a very important role although they are presented in the play in an unpleasant way. Hippolytus is very much devoted to the goddess Artemis and do not worship Aphrodite which makes the goddess angry and she made a plan which ruins the life of Hippolytus, Phaedra and Theseus as well. The main theme of this play is the conflict between get by and chastity, infact it is the conflict between Aphrodite and Artemis. Artemis is not also tallyly blameless.She could have save her favorite but didnt do so. Although the god Poseidon does not appear physically but he plays a very significant role in this play. He too is responsible for the death of Hippolytus. Euripides portrayal of women in his plays has been somewhat bizarre. His female characters kill out of r planege, kill out of green-eyed monster and kill because a god possessed them too. Women occasionally assert dominance in the household although, even within the home they posses limited bow over their husbands. An interesting theme runs through Eu ripides theatrical tragedies Alcestis and Hippolytus.In each(prenominal) play the lead female character forgoes her life for the sake of chicane. In Alcestis, Alcestis willingly gives her life to prevent her husband Admentus death. In Hippolytus, Phaedra chooses to commits suicide as a result of falling in love with her husbands son and refusing to be deceitful to her husband. Although Alcestis love should be considered as deterrent example and virtuous where as Phaedras passion for her son was immoral, incestuous and illegal. In these two plays, a major female character challenges the predominately masculine stub pf power and authority and in some way questions the limits of that power.Alcestis forces her husband to confront the gap between the value that he attaches to family ties and affections and the honorific exchange of customer relationship that belong to the outward-facing world of male prerogatives. Phaedras erotic passion invades the garden world of idealized purity that Hippolytus would create with his virginal huntress-goddess, Artemis and shatters its defense team by opening it up to the power of Aphrodite that he has rejected (both for himself and others) so absolutely.In the process, Phaedra also releases the suppressed violence and hatred that fuel Hippolytus total rejection of Aphrodite. .Although Phaedra has passionate desires for her stepson she is thoroughly a disgraced of these feelings and as a result of her shame she decides to die by starving herself. She also condemns women who are unfaithful to their husbands as she says And I despise them, women who preach faithfulness to husbands but dare the finish off behind their backs. Euripides, therefore, presents Phaedra as a moral woman who is just an doomed victim of AphroditeIn these two cases the women are impelled to their actions by their smart emotional commitment to house and family. Alcestis and Phaedra both try to ensure their childrens future and each is prepared to sacrif ice her life in the process, although in diametrically opposite ways. In the play Hippolytus we notice the development and instruction in Phaedras character. She is a dynamic or round character. But Alcestis does not have any growth and development throughout the play. She is a static character. Unlike Phaedra she plays a trivial role in the play. on that point is a question whether Euripides is misogynist or not.Euripides innovation in his Hippolytus is to draw up the woman as a sympathetic character, Aphrodites helpless victim caught in a divine plan to destroy Hippolytus. His audience expects to see the unsavoury woman vilified and the virtuous youth exalted that is the tradition. Instead, Euripides portrays his Phaedra as a passing moral woman struggling against the shame of her passion, while Hippolytus is an intolerant prig. Alcestis love is virtual, a sacred love for a husband. But Phaedras love for his step son has been considered in the play as sickness. She became lov e sick.Since her love is not pure like Alcestis so her love defined as sickness throughout the play. Euripides sympathetic tone is toward woman is also verbalized in the play Alcestis. Alcestis fate can be viewed as a reflection of the male- dominated world of fifth- century Athens- her death is decided by her husband, in that he allows her to take his pre-ordained place in Hades her surrender from Death comes only through Heracles disturbance. Being led silently from the grave accent perhaps symbolizes the womans role in the Athenian household as a subordinate figure, from whom it was preferred to hear little.In all, the play shows that the rules of the male world, guest- familiarity and hospitality in particular, are more important that the whims of a female, even her dying wish are disregarded. So he cant be considered as misogynist. Heroes are undistinguished in Euripidean plays. They do not have much heroic qualities. They are very common and childly rather heroines are m ore focused in Euripidean play. For example in Alcestis, Admetus role is not heroic rather he is coward and self centered. He has not any growth and development.Alcestis sacrifices her own life for her husband, Admetus just laments on her wifes death. He does not try anything to save her darling wifes life. Rather it was Heracles who save the Alcestis life and rescued her. In Hippolytus, we notice the growth and development of Phaedras character. Phaedras love, her passion, her struggle and her death makes her a round character. But Hippolytus remains quite inactive throughout the play. He has no contribution to the action of the play. Phaedra and Aphrodite play the main role in this play.They are more focused than Theseus or Hippolytus. According to Aristotle a hero should not be too good or too bad. Hippolytus is too good. He is a debatable hero. He has no growth and development. Unlike Phaedra he is a static character. Deus ex machine is a technique where a god or artificial or improbable device introduced into a play to resolve the entanglements of the plot. This technique is frequently used by Euripides. In the play Alcestis, Heracles acted as Dues ex machine. In the play Hippolytus it is the goddess Artemis who is presented as Dues ex machine.Alcestis is considered as a satyr play. Alcestis is a home(prenominal) tragicomedy with a mixture of fairy tale atmosphere and zealous personal suffering that in the extant plays reappears again. Although the play begins with a grubby and tragic mood but the ending of this play is joyous. It has a halcyon ending though artificial. So this play is considered as a tragicomedy. His play Hippolytus explores the nature of passion, the problem of communication and language and the emotional and the moral pitfalls of severe aspiration and one-sided devotion to the ideal.This play is totally a tragedy. In this play Phaedra commit suicide and the play ends with death Hippolytus. Obviously this play does not end with a happy tone. So it has been considered as a pure example of tragedy. Euripides has come to be increasingly appreciated in modern times for his intellectual subtlety, bold and original dramatic power, bright psychological insight, and ability to elicit unexpected symbolic meaning from ancient myth and cult. Critics find the Alcestis a richly rewarding play in many areas. D. J.Conacher explores how Euripides expanded the myth of Admetus and Alcestis, adding comic and folk tale elements to face the needs of his tragedy. In Hippolytus, he also adapts the myth of Pasiphae the mother of Phaedra and Ariadne, the baby of her. But he relates it to the play by his own way. Throughout his works Euripides struggled to show the human side of his characters and tried to elevate their actions to a circumstance of importance and not just as a consequence of the intervention of the gods. For this reason Euripides stands apart as does his works.

Environmental Values Paper Essay

Ecofeminism heraldic bearing separate groups advocating the ideals of feminism is a dowericular distinction applied to women whose prominent efforts argon directed towards the interrelations of society and spirit. Greta Claire Gaard (1993) pointed out that the term ecofeminism is more descriptive of a contact with cultivating an ecological ethic that goes beyond concepts of social nicety (p. 18). Ecofeminism is defined as a value system, a social movement, and a practice, which offers political analysis which explore the links between androcentrism and environmental decease (p. 18).In otherwise words, what Claire Gaard is pointing out is that ecofeminism is an aw atomic number 18ness that starts with the understanding that the abuse of temperament is closely linked to Western Mans attitude toward women (p. 18). That is, correspond to Claire Gaard, there is a par solelyel in mens sentiment between their right to exploit nature, on the one hand, and the use they take a s hit of women on the other. Pluralism and environmental naturalism on the other hand is not new to many of us. Thus, these two were not give much world in this paper though they are equally heavy topic.The just about important conventions of ecofeminism The well-nigh important principle of ecofeminism is to ensure that board is toughened by an ethic of palm for nature, and to create sustainable level of progress that respect the ask of nature as well as the current needs of humans (Meyer, M. K. & Prugl, E. 1999, p. 227). The first principle which emphasized on the care of nature is very important amidst the issue of climate transpose, internationalization, maintaining ecological balance. Today, we are all aware of the enormous environmental problems created by human exploitations and abuses of nature.This includes deforestations through illegal cutting of trees and illegal farming, over fishing, exploitations of mineral reserves, conversion of lands to industrial and r esidential use, and so forth. Added to these are the burden of carbon dioxide emission of millions of cars slightly the world which are fast building greenhouse gasses that are creating global calefacient and climate change. With out ecological balance, our planet is doomed to mystify akin a huge furnace that is no longer fit to bide with.The ecofeminist emphasis on the ethic of care for the nature is consistent with the bawl of ecological scientists for everyone to help preserve our planet through taking care of our environment. Although this principle implies a double meaning, but they are right to prescribe that progress should not be an excuse for environmental abuses and degradation. The other important principle of ecofeminism is to create sustainable level of progress that respects the needs of nature as well as the straight needs of humans. associate for the needs of nature may be different from simply preserving the nature it self, and sustainable level of progress requires careful intervention on the part of the government to implement protective laws that will ensure balance between the uses of ecological product and the sources. That is, with greater demands for these ecological products and with little efforts to replenish them, about of what we have now will soon become extinct. Emphasis on sustainable progress based on the needs of nature and true human needs is very important because it determines our future and the future of our gravel earth.The most important principle of pluralism Pluralism confronts us in all fount of our lives. Plurality pervades our society and it encompasses the different political, respectable, philosophical, religious, and cultural belief of any given society. Two most important principle of pluralism gibe to Timothy J. Demy and Gary P. Stewart (2000) is the questionable distributive judge and the retributive judge (p. 75). The pluralist principle of distributive justice includes the emphasis on equity , equality, and need.As Barbara Mellers and Jonathan Baron explain, distributive justice is concern with fairness which defines the apportionment of rewards, with the goal of facilitating social interaction (p. 90). In other words, the pluralist principle of distributive justice is concern about equality and that justice and fairness is equally serving to all races regardless of beliefs and all barriers enforce by racist and discriminatory segment of the society. This is very important in our society for us to be able to live peacefully and meaningfully.The other most important pluralist principle is the retributive justice. Retributive justice according to Demy has to do with punishment of the crimes committed. In other words, crimes deserve punishment, what one fertilize is what one reaps. I believe that this important principle in companionship for the society to maintain order, peace, and security. State punishments of crimes committed are just as they are within the definiti on of the law. Retributive justice makes our society orderly, peacefully, and hard for everyone. The most important principle of environmental pragmatismThere are perhaps several important principles of environmental pragmatism but due(p) to space limitation, I just now discuss in this paper the most important one. This principle is that, the environmental issues have important value and ethical components that must be addressed in the formulation of environment polity (Minteer, B. A. & Manning, R. E. 2003, p. 220). This principle is true not only in the context of the author but in the context of the reality that confronts us, regarding the problem of global warming and climate change.In this context, environmental issues are very important in the formulation of environment policy because it concerns the future of our society and the future of our world. Which principle best complement my values and ethical beliefs regarding environmental issues. While ecofeminism provides us understanding about how sustainable level of progress can be attained with out abusing the environment, and the principle of pluralism showed us the way to live a peaceful life and secure life, but it is the principle of environmental pragmatism that best complement my values and ethical beliefs regarding environmental issues.I would like to emphasize further this view by entreating everyone wherever part of the eyeball to be environmentally conscious. As for me, I firmly believe that all environmental issues are important issues that can affect our lives not only in our generation but also the next generations and onwards. We must all be aware of the impact of pollution that we tossed up in to the standard pressure and try to do our part to stop the things that pollutes our society, and our planet. Let us beat our selves in support of the effort of preventing global warming and climate change to get worse.I believe it not to late yet to act on this problem.ReferencesDemy, T. J. & Stewart, G. P. (2000) Politics and Public Policy USA Kregel Publication Gaard, G. C. (1993) Ecofeminism USA synagogue University push Mellers, B. A. & Baron, J. (1993) Psychological Perspective son Justice USA Cambridge University Press Meyer, M. K. & Prugl, E. (1999) Gender Politics in Global Governance USA Rowman & Littlefield Minteer, B. A. & Manning, R. E. 2003, p. 220 Reconstructing preservation USA Island Press